Lupus Erythematosus is ( lupus) is a chronic autoimmune disease and autoimmune disease. Lupus can affect the skin, joints, kidneys, lungs, nervous system, and/or other organs of the body and most common symptoms are skin rashes and arthritis which are often accompanied by fatigue and fever. SLE may also be caused by certain drugs. African Americans and Asians are affected more often than people from other races. Autoimmune diseases are diseases that occur when body’s tissues are invaded by its own immune system. One of the mechanisms that the immune system uses to fight infections is the production of antibodies. Genetic factors enhances the capacity of developing autoimmune diseases, and autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis , and immune thyroid disorders are more common in relatives of patients with lupus than the general population.

Some scientists assumes that the immune system in lupus is more easily inspired by external factors like viruses or ultraviolet light. The immune system is a complex formation within the body. SLE can be mild or severe to cause death. SLE strikes nine times as many women as men. It may happen to any age group, but appears most often in people between the ages of 10 and 50 years. Many as 30% of patients having some dermatological symptoms (and 65% suffer such symptoms at some point), with 30% to 50% happenings from the classic malar rash (or butterfly rash ) related with the disease. Patients may have discoid lupus (thick, red scaly patches on the skin). Alopecia , mouth, nasal, and vaginal ulcers , and blisters on the skin are also possible results.

Causes of Lupus Erythematosus

Common causes of Lupus Erythematosus

• Genetics factors ( chromosome 6).
• Environmental triggers.
• Drug reactions ( procainamide , hydralazine and quinidine).
• Discoid (cutaneous).
• Immune thyroid disorders.

Symptoms of Lupus Erythematosus

Common Symptoms of Lupus Erythematosus

• Fever.
• Malaise.
• Joint pains.
• Loss of appetite.
• Myalgias.
• Fatigue.
• Hair loss.
• Swelling.
• Pain.
• Stiffness.
• Seizures.

Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus

Common Treatment of Lupus Erythematosus

• Ue of ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) and medications like ibuprofen in treating lupus requires some caution. Ibuprofen and similar drugs may harm kidney function, chiefly in people who already have kidney problems.
• Use of anticonvulsants for seizures, for example, and the use of antidepressants for severe depression
• Ue of steroids or other immune-suppressing agents (such as azathioprine or cyclophosphamide).
• Antimalarial drugs like  hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are fruitfull alternatives for patients with lupus who do not respond well to ibuprofen or aspirin. Many people using anti-malarial drugs experience significant relief..
• If blood clots form spontaneously in the body. Use of heparin or warfarin (Coumadin) is advised. In pregnancy, heparin is another option because of the adverse fetal effects of warfarin.
• Avoid excessive exposure to sun as the UV rays from sunlight can cause a skin rash to flare, and can even trigger a more serious erupt in the disease itself.
• Use of estrogen may induce or worsen lupus has always been a concern for rheumatologists.
• Young women with lupus baby should carefully plan their pregnancies. Avoid certain curations (such as cyclophosphamide , cyclosporine , and mycophenolate mofetil ) that would detriment the baby.

Lichen simplex chronicus (LSC) also known Neurodermatitis. It is a stubborn skin disorder featurised by chronic itching and scratching. Few skin types are more prone to lichenification, means skin that tends toward eczematous conditions (ie, atopic dermatitis, atopic diathesis). Central and peripheral neural tissue and inflammatory cell products in the process of itch and ensuing changes in LSC.

The possible interplay among primary blisters, psychic factors, and the intensity of pruritus additively influences the limit and harshness of LSC. Ultimately, the affected skin becomes thick and leathery. LSC is present on the skin in regions operable to scratching. Pruritus provokes friction that produces clinical blisters, but the underlying pathophysiology is unknown.LSC occurs mainly in mid-to-late adulthood, with highest prevalence in persons aged 30-50 years. LSC is observed more in females as compared to males.

Lichen simplex chronicus is seen near the ankles, shins and the back or side of the neck. The forearms may also be fully involved. Lichen simplex chronicus is normally caused by continous rubbing of the skin. Lichen nuchae is a kind of lichen simplex which occurs on the midposterior neck and is marked almost exclusively in women. The rubbing begins the chain of occurances that leads from itching to scratching and then to the presence of leather-like skin patches. Lichen simplex chronicus is generally caused by constant rubbing of the skin.

Symptoms are harmful itching which is accompanied by nervous tension. The appearance of scratch marks and the leathery skin patches can be found anywhere on the body parts. Chronic lichen simplex chronicus results in pigmentation which is brown is colour at the site of irritation.

Causes of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Common causes of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

• Constant rubbing of the skin.
• Insect bites.
• Scars (eg, traumatic, postherpetic/zoster).
• Acne keloidalis nuchae.
• Venous insufficiency.
• Asteatotic.
• Psychological factors( Anxiety and Neurodermatitis).
• Lithium.
• Eczema.

Symptoms of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Common Symptoms of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

• Itching.
• Skin lesion.
• Lesions.
• Anxiety.
• Stress.
• Inflammation.

Treatment of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

Common Treatment of Lichen Simplex Chronicus

• Occlusion also deliver a physical barrier to the scratching. Midpotency topical steroids are not helpful for thin skin (eg, vulva, scrotum, axilla, face).
• Direct long-term therapy more at daily use of low-potency nontrophogenic topical corticosteroids.
• Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and hydroxyzine (Atarax) are common.
• Doxepin (Sinequan) and clonazepam (Klonopin) may be considered in appropriate cases.
• Other topical medications reported to decrease pruritus include doxepin cream and capsaicin cream.
• Aspirin/dichloromethane is effective in patients with LSC..
• Used in directing the changes in cellular activity that induce itching and inflammation.
• Avoid things that increase itching.